Your Future and Our Future - link & response for last week

I also enjoyed reading Larry's book. It really put my own education into perspective. How wonderful that many of us will be making history as well! Maybe if Larry writes a sequel later on down the line, some of us (besides Megan Brown of course, who is already in the book) will be included.

Funny to think that all of the trends in the field we've been reading about for the entire semester also translated to our own tiny campus. I think that Beloit's psychology department, for the most part, has always reflected the ideals of the greater field. We may not be big on a map but we sure do know what's popular!

I was really interested in the discussion on the scientific aspect of psychology. I was wondering exactly what Sara was wondering: did Larry think that the move to the Science Center improved other fields' views of ours? Did it improve our own views of ourselves? Are we a more legitimate science because we were invited to be housed in our new state-of-the-art building? I've felt that way; I also feel lucky that as a senior, I was able to experience the psychology major in both ways.

Anyway, since a lot of us are seniors, I looked around for a few sites that could help us potentially make history. If you're still looking for something to do after May 17th (or after you graduate next year, juniors)...here are some helpful websites. I can't take credit for this, though, because I found them on the FACS site. :)

Careers for Psych Majors
Entry Level Jobs for Psych Majors
What to do with your psych degree

Post and Link for last week...my apologies

I so enjoyed reading Larry's book last week and I thought we were able to have some great conversations because of the enthusiasm from everyone in the class that day. (I'm also glad everyone survived the heated trivia game :) I mostly enjoyed learning about how the Psychology Department at Beloit College has survived through so much. I just showed some prospies around ysterday and was proud to say that we were the only social science department housed in the science center. We should be so very proud of this!

To read about the long line of impressive faculty members that have served our psychology department was a pleasure. I wonder how even way back then we attrachted such amazing professors. I was especially impressed with Professor Farris and The de Weerdts. All of these people were focused on their students and the legacy of this focus is so important. Megan mentioned how furtunate we are to be at a student-centered college and she couldn't be more right.

I have attached a '98 Psychobabble. Seems random, but I think it's good to look at just our recent successes. For those of us who are graduating I recommend looking down at "Alumni News" to see all the different jobs alums have pursued from the class of '32 through '97!

http://www.beloit.edu/psychology/archives/Babble/psychobabble98.html

Week 12: Reflection

I really enjoyed Larry's book on the history of psychology at Beloit, as well as the discussion he held in class on Thursday. I think that as students of the department we are really lucky to have something like this and that this will become more meaningful when we're older and are reflecting back on our time at Beloit. Not only have we witnessed the move of the department from South College/random buildings on campus, we're also psychology students during the time of publication of Professor Tawney's Chronoscope. I think both of these events are really important for the presence of psychology as a discipline and major here at Beloit. I agree with earlier posts and with Larry's question of whether we feel more connected to our department after having read this book. Is there any other department on campus whose first professor was a student of the nakesame of their field? One of my favorite parts of the book was Larry's disucssion of being a professor at a small, liberal arts college versus a large, research-1 institution. This seems especially important for me as I am considering being a professor in the long run, and would want to teach at a school like Beloit. It seems that studying psychology here is such a different experience than at a state university. Having professors whose focus is on teaching your class and hearing your ideas is strikingly opposite from those who are focused on their personal research. I definitely don't think I'd feel as confident about my impending graduation if I'd gone to a large university - especially with respect to the current economy. Being student-centered is one of my favorite things about Beloit, and one of my favorite things about being part of a department in which every professor knows my name. How do you guys feel? What are you planning to do with your psychology major when you graduate?

History of Psych at Beloit College Post and Reflection

Larry's book allowed me to feel more connected to Beloit College because I was able to learn about the school and the psychology and major and the historical contexts in which they developed. I was surprised to learn about the department's progressive start and close ties to the very roots of psychology, with Professor Tawney having earned his PhD with Wundt. However, despite the head start, it seems that the dept stalled or lagged behind the interest in psychology nation wide, being carried by only one professor for so many years. I wonder if there was anything that the administration of the school could have done to increase the attraction of the position and retain faculty for longer than a couple years. It's interesting to think about what the dept could have been had it been stronger from the beginning. The history of the dept reinforces what I've learned in several classes, especially social psychology. No individual or institution is an island; they are influenced by the social influences all around. This is evident in the dept's shift to behaviorism during that school's heyday, and eventual conversion to cognitive psych. It is regrettable that during these times one school of thought dominated in the dept to the exclusion of other valuable viewpoints. Presently, I think the dept is doing a wonderful job of including a broad sampling of perspective and I am confident that it will continue to do so. We even continue to do original research, which is difficult to do at a small liberal arts school, because professors' time is taken up by teaching several classes, spending more time with students, etc. Here is a link to the study Greg conducted with one of the founders or positive psychology, Martin Seligman:

http://ft.csa.com/ids70/resolver.php?sessid=4j409lb1lcn4lbddam19lamtk6&server=csaweb106v.csa.com&check=45085fb0d70009bcf60ae0c74fb5811b&db=psycarticles-set-c&key=PRE%2F2%2Fpre_2_1_10a&mode=pdf

Freud's grandson has died

He was successful in many fields. His obituary.

Beloit's Rich Psychological History

I really have enjoyed reading about our long history of psychology right here in Beloit!
It is strange to think that this place has gone through so many changes. I found it interesting that, from the comments made by students at the time (through the Round Table, etc.), it seems like the overall atmosphere of Beloit College hasn't changed much. The professors are still extremely knowledgeable and eccentric, the students still enjoy working closely with faculty members...

Plus, I am so impressed that we have had psychology professors that come from all over the US and some that grew up in distant countries. I think it is amazing that out of the handful of lucky US psychology students that were able to work under Wundt, that one of them came here to work! (if only for a shorter period of time)
I guess this just makes me think that we really should look harder at the old things we throw away!

The Mind as a Computer - link & response for last week

While browsing the web, I found this blog which directly relates to our topic of last week's discussion. More specifically, this post detailed an interesting study that showed, through sensory imaging tests, that the mind-computer metaphor doesn't always work so well.

I find this metaphor interesting. I wonder if von Neumann thought he had hit the theoretical jackpot when he came up with this metaphor. All along, psychologists had been trying to answer the question of, "what is going on in the mind and why?" As Larry White put it in chapter 1 of his book, structuralism was a question of "what is mind?" and functionalism was a question of "what is mind for?" In my opinion, behaviorism was looking at "what can we do to control the mind?" and psychoanalysis was "how can we extract what is happening in the mind?" To answer this with a metaphor that explains the mind as a mass of connections that all have a specific purpose and specific applications seems to be the end point of wondering "what is going on in the mind?"

It doesn't answer the question of "why" though. And even though, at the time, not as much was known about computers as is now, doesn't it impersonalize our existence? If we can be programmed to perform in a certain way (which, I guess was the aim of behaviorism...) what is the point? And the computer metaphor does nothing for explaining emotion and other affectual things about the mind. However I think it was probably a breakthrough metaphor that also influenced the development of technology (which, as we all know, was extremely important and significant - without it we wouldn't be able to blog for class!).

Darnell Wilson

Debra A. Poole and Larry T. White began some research studies after the death of a young boy named Darnell Wilson in Beloit, Wisconsin in the 80's.

Hint: What did they decide to study and why?


Here's a link on some of the background information about the case. It's a little heavy, but you can get the idea...
openjurist.org/942/f2d/1143/dsa-v-circuit-court-branch

Professor Tawney's Chronoscope Book

So, tomorrow Larry White will lead the class in discussion regarding his book and his findings...

After that, we have a fun game for you all, so be sure to come prepared!!!

Cognitive Psych blog

Doing a quick review of last week's readings I noticed something that I hadn't before. In Ch 11 of the blue book, Ludy T. Benjamin Jr. talks a great deal about Gestalt Psychology, Bartlett, and the Computer metaphor, however he only briefly mentions Chomsky, Miller, and Brown. The reason this struck me as strange was because last semester in my Human Learning and Cognition class (in Florida) most of what we learned was coined and developed by Chomsky, Miller, and Brown. So I guess my question is, why did Benjamin not dive deeper into a discussion of those three, when seemingly their concepts are the most well-known or best understood of all that was discussed in Ch 11.

The most interesting part of Ch 11 to me though was the discussion of Bartlett and the mind as actively constructing information. I think it makes perfect sense that when we learn new information our mind doesn't just place it anywhere, but instead finds, I guess, it's common relatives, and places it in that area of your memory. This would explain why sometimes people don't seem to make sense, when in reality the associations being made are directly related to where information is stored in their head. Bartlett's concept of memory as subject to error I believe also makes perfect sense. How many times can I recall holding my daddy's hand in the gas station and looking up and realizing it wasn't my daddy, but according to Bartlett the question becomes, is that really my memory, did my mind fill in the blanks or make part of it up based on what my parents have told me? Hmmmm....

Cognitive Psych Link

http://www.gestalttherapy.net/welcome/index.html

This link is to a website that has blogs for discussion between gestalt therapists, trainees, etc as well as projects that are going on. An interesting aspect of the website is "The Writer's Page" it is a link to the life and work of many gestalt therapists, written by them, discussing their practice, theory, and methods.

Week 11: Reflection and Link

I decided to do some additional exploration of the zeigarnik effect after our wrap-up discussion of cognitive psychology and this phenomenon in particular this past week. As you'll recall from the reading, this effect was coined by the Russian psychologist B. Zeigarnik, who claimed that the recall ratio for tasks interrupted in the middle or toward the end is higher than those interrupted early on. Additional research since this time has shown that this effect is more likely to appear if the subject is ego-involved in the task in some way. In addition, studies have shown that individuals with a genuine level of aspiration to complete the task are also more likely to show the zeigarnik effect than other participants.

Apparently musicians like to utilize this phenomenon when composing "hooks," or for the conclusion of pieces. Being rather non-musically inclined, I'm not entirely sure I understand how this works, but in essence, it involes a suspended chord that created initial dissonance and is then resolved by the final note. Check it out here: http://elearningcurve.blogspot.com/2008/07/learning-zeigarnik-effect.html. This article claims the effect can be heard at the end of the Beatles' She's Leaving Home.

Interestingly enough, there seems to be a dearth of information on Bluma Zeigarnik beyond short descriptions of her work under Kurt Lewin and subsequent discovery of the phenomenon later named after her. The only other credit I could find to her was her presence in helping to establish experimental psychopathology as a separate discipline. Also, am I the only one that didn't realize Zeigarnik was a woman? Is this due to the tendency to just call scientists by their first intitial/last name, or does it say something more about our tendency to assume important, noted discoveries were made by men? It's interesting to think about the number of men we've studied in this course versus the number of women...

Link and Reflection

The topic that interested me the most this week was the debate about language acquisition during the cognitive revolution. While we were learning about Noam Chomsky's language acquisition device theory and how it opposes Skinner, I was fascinated with the differences between the two. Chomsky's theory makes perfect sense, and I wonder how Skinner completely overlooked these ideas. In my opinion, behaviorism was simply too narrow of a scope to view psychology and it limited research far too much. Skinner MUST have considered the ideas that Chomsky presented because it is so obvious and true. However, Skinner's ideas are clearly lacking important elements that Chomsky discovered. I've discussed my 3 year old cousin on a previous blog post, and I'll refer to him again here. I got him a mini-guitar for Christmas and when he opened the gift he screamed, "How did you know I wanted a buitar? I seeed one of these at the store!" It was funny at the moment because of the words he mispronounced, but it's a great example of Chomsky's theory. There's no way that my cousin was reinforced in the words he said in that sentence. A buitar? Seeed? Sorry Skinner, but I just can't see you point of view. I am very happy that we've moved beyond behaviorism so that research doesn't have to be limited and narrow. Below is a link that provides a pretty cool flow-chart of Chomsky's language/grammar acquisition device, and it has some quotes from Chomsky about his views on bheaviorism.

http://academics.tjhsst.edu/psych/oldPsych/language/chomsky.html

Seth

Cognititve Psych Reflection and Post

In class this week, we talked briefly about the connection between Gestalt Psychology and Cognitive Psych in general, and if cognitive psych today is Gestalt at all. We said that it is not, or at least not very much. However, that does not mean that Gestalt is dead or that it is still not engaging interest and producing research. Here is a link to a society for the promotion of Gestalt. There are a lot of interesting links: http://www.gestalttheory.net/. But just as cognitive psych experienced a rebirth, I think that Gestalt psychology, or at least aspects of Gestalt theory, are experiencing a resurgence in contemporary society. There is great interest in holisting care and alternative medicine among the public, and growing acceptance of it in the medical community. There is also a growing body of research on spirituality, etc in psychological journals and how these various aspects influence health. There is more emphasis on lifestyle change (e.x. diet and exercise) in the prevention and treatment of obesity, heart disease, etc. There is a growing awareness that the whole person must be treated, not simply one part of their body or the disease.


I was surprised to learn that behaviorism had only been dominant in the United States and it hadn't experiences much influence abroad. A part of it was probably some unique American fascination with facts over theory, but I wonder if even this is a valid statement. Ideas come to America: Wundt, Binet, the Gestaltists, Bartlett, etc. But why is it that American ideas don't seem to be spread widely abroad. Perhaps this is a narrow view that I'm talking and that American ideas have spread, but our readings simply didn't focus on that. I also found Mandler's assertion that John B. Watson implanted the seeds of behaviorism's death even its birth surprising as well. It makes a lot of sense. These was such an emphasis on animal research and equating humans with animals that our higher mental process that do exist were necessarily left out. While behaviorism did generate a lot of good research, it was only so long before its shortcomings would be realized and psychologists would have recourse to more cognitive explanations of human behavior and experience.

Freud's apartment - Vienna

Hi all,
I thought I'd post a link to my personal pictures from when I visited Freud's apartment in Vienna, Austria.
Here is a link to the first photo in the series of 23 photos from his house. You're welcome to look at the rest of the photos in that album but those 23 are of course the most relevant to this class!
To scroll through the pictures, use the right-pointing arrow above the photo.

Follow up on Noam

Sorry, I also ran across (totally by accident) an article on the NYT webpage that leads to an entire list of articles by Noam Chomsky if you are interested in what he is up to these days besides talking in Madison.

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/noam_chomsky/index.html?inline=nyt-per

Noam Chomsky

Hey,
So I found a link to Noam Chomsky at Madison's Edgewood college.
http://www.uppitywis.org/noam-chomsky-edgewood-last-night

Evidently he has become quite the political theorist and commentator. There are some links on youtube to comments he has on Obama. That (foreign policy) is also what he is presenting about tonight at the Orpheum theater in Madison.
(Just search Noam Chomsky on Obama)

Racial Profiling - link & response for last week

I thought the video we watched last Thursday was really interesting (despite the design and presentation flaws we discussed in class). It led me to think more about the depiction of certain problems in the media, and how psychologists can influence those issues.

In our book, we learned about the alleged racial differences in intelligence and how those research prospects still influence our thinking today. As mentioned in our book, the differences in race (not just in intelligence, but in any aspect of life) tend to be an "American obsesssion."

And as we saw with the Dateline, 20/20, or 60 minutes spot we watched in class, people still tend to "prefer" one race over another, and this leads me to believe that people still see differences between people of different races. Lots of people will claim, "I don't see color," but the research presented in the video we watched tells otherwise. Will this ever go away?

An every day scenario where racial prejudice might come into play is in the phenomenon of racial profiling by police. I found this Time feature article pretty relevant and the interesting part is that it gives multiple viewpoints on this issue. It's kind of long, but I think you'll also find it interesting. (Here also is the photo essay on this subject.)

Last Week's Reflection and Link

We spent a lot of time talking about gender differences last week in class. We discussed what is present in the current research and what we thought should be. Most of the things we mentioned were things that we would have to test and could not look at physiologically. I think it is important to note both sides of this.

It is not important to understand the differences in sexes to answer the ultimate question of which sex is more superior---rather it is best for both sexes involved to learn as much as possible about both sides. I was searching on-line and found the following link that talks about physiological differences that have been found between sexes that I was not aware of. I found the information in "Psychology Today", so its interesting to note who might be reading this type of material. Is it useful? Do we need to understand these differences or does it just polarize the respective genders?

Some of the interesting findings in the article are that women have numerous back-up genes that men don't. The authors speculate that this is the reason why women are less susceptible to mental illnesses (i.e. autism and schizophrenia). We know that women have more gray matter in our brains and really drive home that point, but who knew that men had more white matter and cerebrospinal fluid? The reasoning for this is that it gives men's brains more cushion and protection from the elements when tooling around or battling. Just some food for thought...

http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/index.php?term=pto-20030624-000003.xml

Week 10: Reflection and Link

Fifty years after the landmark Brown v. Board decision, the APA's publication, Monitor on Psychology, commemorated this date by publishing an issue centered on currently relevant issues in educational psychology. This coincided with the annual convention (2004), in which Kenneth and Mamie Clark were honored for their contributions which were arguably under-recognized during the Brown era. In addition, the APA's Racial Identity in Context: The Legacy of Kenneth B. Clark, examines Clark's life and incredible achievements in promoting desegregation and racial equality through interviews of 20 prominent psychologists. Reflecting back upon Clark's work and vision for the desegregation process in all American schools, psychologists and sociologists alike are often quick to admit that, discouraging as it is, Clark's projection was rather accurate. He argued that integration would happen to the degree that authorities and the government worked for it - which many would argue has not, to a great degree, happened in our schools. Rather than simply recounting Clark's contributions, however, the book stresses how his focus on the community had and continues to have far-reaching effects on how we conceive of group identity, race, and social psychology.

Other topics in the September 2004 issue of the Monitor on Psychology include desegregating urban schools, the education achievement/opportunity gap (and the significance behind word choice), social hurdles to integration, and the claim that academic placement perpetuates racial segregation. This touches on some of the issues we read and talked about in terms of school psychology, as well as many of the social questions facing those employed in the wide field of applied psychology today. These topics are of personal interest to me as my favorite areas of psychology are development and social, yet I also believe they're relevant to all of us preparing to graduate and enter graduate school or the work force - the burden of racial inequality doesn't stop at the borders of the school yard.

Here's the link to the short articles in the 9/04 issue of the Monitor : http://www.apa.org/monitor/sep04/50years.html

Another Doll Story About Race

Going off of the comments about Kenneth Clark's doll experiments and the impact the results had on all of us, I thought I might add some more thought-provoking material to the discussion. This American Life featured a story a little while back that is incredibly interesting:

Elna Baker reads her story about the time she worked at the giant toy story, FAO Schwartz. Her job was to sell these lifelike "newborns" which were displayed in a "nursery" inside the store. When the toys become the hot new present, they begin to fly off the shelves. When the white babies sell out, white parents are faced with a choice: will they go for an Asian, Latino, or African-American baby instead? What happens is so disturbing that Elna has a hard time even telling it.

The story is only 16 minutes long and completely fascinating. A quote from the author: "What it meant was just too depressing... I still didn't want to face what it said if a factory reject monster baby was adopted before a whole nursery of perfectly cute black babies."

Here is the link. It is the last story on the show so if you let it load all the way and then click to 40 minutes in you'll be queued up perfectly. In case that link doesn't work for you for some reason you can try this one.

I am curious to see your opinions and thoughts.

link and reflection 4/2

This week we discussed social action. We learned about many important psychological contributions to the civil rights movement that had a very positive impact on racial and gender equality. In class on Friday we watched videos of various tests performed to determine if people have a preference toward a particular race. These experiments were designed to recreate the work of Kenneth Clark's doll experiment. The results of these tests are a little shocking and upsetting. It was heart breaking to watch an African American child describe the white doll as good and nice while the African American doll was described as bad. Some of the tests, such as the computerized version, seem like they could have some confounds based on the order of presentation but it is powerful to see multiple tests with multiple generations report basically the same results. it is too bad that we have these preferences and possible prejudices still present in our society. Even th emost well meaning people who would never dream of any racial thoughts or actions still show a preference. These preferences may be due to exposure to popular media and most of us would be completely unware that our experiences would have caused any preference to develop at all. I think it is ok to have these preferences as long as you are able to recognize that you have them, understand that they are unfair, and work to keep them from influeincing your thoughts and actions as best as you can.

Here is a link to the wiki for Jane Elliots brown eye, blue eye experiment.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Elliott

Implicit Association Test site

Take the implicit association test.

Link and Reflection

After reading about and discussing Kenneth Clark's work in Brown v. Board of Education, it led me to question how psychology's role in the courts has rapidly grown. Before the Social Science Brief by Clark, the courts never appealed to psychologists for their opinion or testimony. However, the use of psychologists as expert witnesses to testify in court has become a common practice. I think that psychologists can be used in some instances, but sometimes I think it's wrong. For example, the use of psychological studies in Brown v. Board of Education was valid and not a far-fetched argument. The use of psychologists in Dan White's "Twinkie Defense" after the murder of Harvey Milk was ridiculous, and it worked! I feel like juries are unfairly persuaded by psychologists discussing testimony that they have no previous knowledge of.
So where Kenneth Clark's work was valuable and sound, it has led to a practice in our field that I am uncomfortable with. I think that the overuse of psychological expert testimony in court is giving the field of psychology a bad name, and psychologists need to restrict what they testify about. But, this is easier said than done when attorneys hand over huge sums of money for expert testimony. This is another problem in a scientific field that is still young and quickly growing. The link below is an article about why nonforensic psychologists should not participate in forensice investigations. The author points out numerous problems and difficulties such as stretching the truth and unfair persuasion. This is just something to think about this week.

http://www.reidpsychiatry.com/columns/14%20Reid%2003-03%20pp163-166.pdf

Seth

Possible questions for Final Exam

Possible Final Exam Questions (the exam will likely only consist of items from this list, but not all of them will appear on the exam):

1. List the four basic elements involved in every structuralist study and provide an example of each using a single primary source.
2. Define the following terms: daimon, psyche, eidolon, heros, manes, lares, numen.
3. What are the three phases that make up a liminal ritual as described by Arnold van Gennep?
4. List four specifications included in the rubric for a spell induction using the method of free association according to Freud.
5. Discuss the connections of gender and class to mind structure in the works of Titchener.
6. How do the representations of mind in Greek literature reflect the culture of Greece at the time in terms of the theory of boundary mobility and the theory of stasis monitoring?
7. Compare and contrast prayers to the method of introspection.
8. What conclusions can we draw about gender issues in early 20^th Century America and Europe by examining the representation of witches in each society?
9. How might a lack of unemployment mobility be related to the emergence of behaviorism in a sedentary society?
10. Name three psycho-bio-social cults from the current hip-hop world.
11. Describe several reasons why a person might want to contact the dead or alternatively the living dead during history and systems class (via either voice or text messaging).
12. When, why, and where, did the tradition of April Fool’s jokes begin?

April Fools Reflection

So, I was thinking about our conversation on Tuesday about psychology and social action. We discussed many famous studies that have enlightened us on different aspects of society, including group conforming, and segregation. What I guess I was wondering was if there really are any studies being conducted now, or recently, that in the future will be considered just as groundbreaking. What are psychologists doing today that will find their way into history of psychology books.

Now on a completely different topic, the reading that struck me the most was Leta Hollingworth's article on impelling women to have children. I'd like to connect this idea of society trying to manipulate women to bear children with a discussion I had in my Drugs and Behavior class about the right to tell a woman NOT to have children. We were talking about taking antipsychotics when pregnant and how that is a big no-no and whether or not a doctor has a right to say that a schizophrenic woman canNOT have a child. It is interesting how much the times have changed. Decades ago, as Hollingworth pointed out, society wanted nothing, but for woman to remain at home and give birth and raise their children. Nowadays, women and men are being prevented or told to not procreate, or maybe to consider adoption instead. Who are we to dictate whether or not a woman should or should not have a child.

April Fools Link

http://thesituationist.files.wordpress.com/2007/02/clark-doll-test.jpg
Here is a picture of Clark with a small boy picking between the white and black dolls.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybDa0gSuAcg
This video is by a student who sort of tried to recreate Clark's original doll test. It's pretty interesting the reason one girl picks the white doll over the black doll.

reflection on MK-ULTRA info

I really thought class was interesting last week regarding the discussion of MK-ULTRA and how the CIA was able to use mind control on innocent people. Many think these actions are continuing today, and once again, we are just not aware of what exactly the government is doing.

These tests lasted at least 20 years, and from some people's testimony... more like 3 decades.

Some believe that these mind experiments led to the creation of MPD in patients. What do you think? Is this possible?

And I find it appalling that they used mixed methods of hypnosis along with LSD and other wonderful methods of drugging to conduct these experiments, when they clearly didn't know what the effects would be. Obviously, they didn't care, since they saw this as "helping our country."

I found this article informative, so if interested--have a glance...

http://www.mindcontrolforums.com/jewell.htm


So, do you think mind control is still being used today, but in different forms?

MK-ULTRA info

I found some interesting testimony on youtube from MK-ULTRA patients...check it out if interested, they are pretty short segments.... the reasoning "serving the country for a means of an end to communism" is what some of the patients were told...

www.youtube.com/watch?v=F-ES8Bv0_8w


and some info from a former CIA operative

www.youtube.com/watch?v=i46RI2twVao

Check it out...